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Laurence

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Everything posted by Laurence

  1. Something Don said above reminded me of JFK, in Berlin Ask not what the club can do for you, But what you can do for the club, seems to fit makes me feel rather guilty I have to take my car to Elgin today for its annual service the cost of which would more than buy a season ticket. I must cogitate that one
  2. Just in case this is irony Maybe we should switch the fixture to Ibrox unless they cant aford to cut the grass, then we could play it at Hampden
  3. Inter will remember the Lions that is for sure
  4. The point I was trying to make, was that Celtic can now bank on having time to build a European squad in the knowledge that they can budget fully knowing that they will enter Europe for many years to come,given that their main rivals for the Scottish league championship are no longer in the running. As we see in England the panic which big clubs experience towards the end of the season when they see Europe slipping from their grasp is there for all to see. The reason is they have budgeted for Europe and they may not get there I take a more positive view than the contributers above , because with good buying of young talented players with potential, surely with a long term plan they can improve enough to win a few matches at that highest level. Maybe not straight away but in two or three years. Alex Fergusion took many years to build his first formidable United team. Anyway lets be optimistic, doom and gloom is not my scene. I wonder if the manager is up to it though?
  5. Without any real contrition, without any sackcloth and ashes, from the old or the new Rangers it is hard to give Rangers any slack It someone from the old regime or even the new regime had made truly heartfelt apology to the world of football, I think I would have said, " OK bend the rules", but as it is you can't really give them much of a break All the time we hear talk of we can bring money to the game, we can save Scottish football, we can do this do that. But never we caused this mess , we robbed the game, we are to blame. We wish to help all we can. They seem to me to have a very selfish atitude to the whole dam business. If I am wrong tell me, but that's how they are coming across es[pecially in the Daily Record.
  6. I suppose with Rangers out of the picture Celtic now can prepare a 5 year programme before Rangers can be a significant force again in the SPL Given sensible planning good management and a favourable draw at group stage , I feel within 6 years Celtic can really make an impact for Scotland in Europe. I know all the usual suspects will make it hard , the City's United's Chelsea's Barcelona's and what have you. But if Porto can do it againt the odds, maybe Celtic with good planning and knowing they have a clear Scottish route to Europe, with good financial planning who knows? The next 5 years may be good for Scotish football in Europe
  7. Having played Rugby League myself at Colts level. I am really upset of the demise of Bradford, I much preferred the name Bradford Northern. Silly to give teams the names of animals very American Mind you Rangers old Bull seems to fit for the NewCo
  8. The goode owd days, with 3rd Lanark Bring them back When Britsh Railways were breaking up I went to a meeting to change their name to a privitised name ( For Fire Prevention ) I suggested 3rd Lanark One man in the audience realied what II meant by 3rd Lanark Maybe we should remember nobody saved them, No Daily record campaign
  9. By the way Don, Charles is always right My wife is too I am use to kosing arguments =t ha nose help slipped into Lancashire dialect
  10. Football Association Could apply as a universal term me thinks my interest in dates I think comes from working at the British Museum, a creepy place that The British Library was there too hence my fondnes for books. Not bad for a son of a mill worker who left school at 14. I do get a bit silly at times, please excuse. I am quite sensible really
  11. The Biggot comes from a post made earlier in 1st or 3rd , I just picked up the thread. Not meant to be taken seriously I was just chucking dates around because I am no historian, just an old Guy full of misconceptions and proud of it We all live by misconceptions you know.
  12. [ I say again British Charles unless you know different I will check the other major nations maybe Real Madrid or A C Milan did similar, No team has won the Scottish F A cup by 6 goals and not conceeded in earlier rounds , My little Lancashire cotton town pop cica 75,000 has outdone them all Another record is in England they are the only team to have scored over 1000 goals in each of the four tiers of the Football league I am told but I have not verified it yet that Bury spent more seasons in Division 1 of the football League than Manchester United, before WW2 Also Bury put Liverpool out of Div 1 via a playoff at Blackburn ( was known as a test match ) Bury did that after winning the Div 2 championship by a country mile after only one seson in the Football League Hence the earned the name of " The shakers " I nearly forgot Gigg Lane my grandad told me was the scene of the first ever football related riot. It happenned at a Lancashire Senior Cup Final Between Bury and Bolton Wanderers , when 3000 enraged fans charged onto the field of play. Bury won the match. It's getting silly now - apologies
  13. As we are talking in the nonsense section I am led to believe that recruiting in Germany was not possible as Bismark the founder of Germany was not born A lot of Scottish poems slagging of Germans were actually not contempory but written over hundred years later in Victorian times, The biggest area of what is now Germany was Prussia In fact the Jacobites referred to the Elector of Hanover My school ( a catholic one, I was born protestant baptised twice once Protestant and once Catholic) ) taught me James abdicated) , he wanted to marry a catholic princess , The country wanted including Scotland no truck with Catholics , so he asked for it in my book. I was also taught that he chucked his seal of office his ring into the Thames. Shades of Edward 8th The area George was from was Hanover a quite small area. The Romans did refer to Germans , they had the sense to build a wall around it , similar to Hadrian’s wall to keep what are now Norhumbrian’s out of the the top end out of what is now England. To me dates and history are of little concern to the present. Within my life time what is now a close friendly nation was dropping bombs every night on London ( don't get pedantic ans quote 1943 to be after the blitz) the point is relevant I think it is also of interest that nearly twice as many protestant Scots fought in Cumberland's army against the Catholic Highlanders. These may all be misconceptions on my part , but I like misconceptions when they fit my feelings.. Apparently Queen Anne had William buried in secret at midnight, nobody was invited, seemed a very popular family man in Royal circles Please don't come and break my windows, it's all tongue in cheek, not really much bothered
  14. Let it Be - Let it Be - Speaking words of Wisdom, - Let it be Seems to fit
  15. hi I thought it was all public domain stuff Sorry if I caused any offence http://www.christoph...itishdates.html I think you had better delete my original post Don't want to cause the web site any problems Laurence
  16. Rangers is not the only club in Scotland. You would think so reading the Daily Record - me thinks
  17. To Doofers Dad - Well said sir Maybe I will be there when ICT have a record score in the SFC Final
  18. I did miss one of great interest to a bigotted Bury F C fan British record F A cup final result 1903 Bury 6 Derby County 0 Bury won the F A cup without conceeding a goal throughout the whole of the competition. Never been matched Another date was Nov 5th 1949 Sheff Unt 4 Bury 4 , my first away football match
  19. Scotland: General Provincial Council orders each parish to keep a register of baptisms and banns of marriage 1554-1558 Brief Catholic restoration under Queen Mary Tudor 1557 The First Covenant signed in Scotland (foundation of the Presbyterian Church) 1558 Scottish parish registers start Chancery Proceedings Indexes begin 1558-1603 Reign of Elizabeth I - Policy of Plantation begins System of counties adopted 1559 John Knox returns from Continent - strengthens case for Presbyterianism in Scotland 1560 Establishment of Protestantism in Scotland - commissary courts thrown into confusion - some records lost 1562 African slave trade starts 1563 Papal recusants heavily fined for non-attendance at Church The Test Act excludes Roman Catholics from governmental office 1565 Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots, and Darnley 1566 Murder of Riccio in Holyrood House 1567 Murder of Darnley outside Holyrood House in an explosion - marriage of Mary Queen of Scots and Bothwell Earliest date in the French Protestant and Walloon registers 1568 Battle of Langside - Mary's flight to England and her imprisonment by Queen Elizabeth I 1571 Beginning of penal legislation against Catholics in England Opening of the Royal Exchange, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham 1571-1572 Presbyterianism introduced into England by Thomas Cartwright 1574 Colonial State Papers published - continued to 1738 1578 Earliest Quaker registers begin 1579 Act of Uniformity in matters of religion enforced 1580 Colonisation of Ireland Congregational movement founded by Robert Browne about this time 1582 Gregorian calendar introduced in some countries: Spain and Portugal, France, Low Countries, part of Italy, Denmark 1583 Foundation of Cambridge University Press by Thomas Thomas University of Edinburgh founded 1585 Foundation of Oxford University Press Shakespeare started seriously to write about this time 1587 Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, by English at Fotheringay Castle, near Peterborough Aug 11: Raleigh's second expedition to New World lands in North Carolina - first child born in the New World of English parents, Virginia Dare (Aug 18) Introduction of potatoes to England 1588 Jul 29: Defeat of Spanish Armada (had set sail from Lisbon May 20) Invention of shorthand by Dr Timothy Bright 1592 A Congregational (or Independent) Church formed in London Scotland: Presbyterian Church formally established - all ministers equal - no bishops - secular commissaries appointed by the Crown 1593 British statute mile established by law 1597 Poor Law Act for erection of parish workhouses for the Poor - Poor Rate collection allowed 1598 Bishop's transcripts of English and Welsh parish registers start [some say 1597] Edict of Nantes gives Huguenots toleration in France 1600 Memoirs of Officers of the Royal Navy begin 1601 Great English Poor Law Act passed First use of fruit juice as a preventative for scurvy by James Lancaster East India Company founded 1603 Mar 24: Death of Elizabeth I: union of Scottish and English crowns - under King James VI of Scots and I of England (d. 1625) 1606 Apr 12: Adoption of Union Jack as the flag of "Great Britain" The London Company chartered to colonise Virginia Episcopacy established in Scotland (against wishes of the Scots) 1607 Flight of the Earls - leading Ulster families go into exile 1610 James VI established the Episcopal Church in Scotland- Prebyterians persecuted and many of their records lost 1611 Plantation of Ulster with English and Scottish colonists Authorised (King James) Version of Bible in England James VI and I created the title of baronet 1616 Apr 23: Death of Shakespeare Ben Jonson becomes first Poet Laureate 1617 Register of Sasines (land leases) established in Scotland - record of the transfer of land and property 1620 Dec 21 (Dec 16 OS): The Mayflower reaches America - founds Plymouth, New England Manufacture of coke patented by Dud Dudley 1621 Chimneys to be made of brick and be four and a half feet above the roof 1622 First English newspaper appeared 1624 Monopoly Act in England: patents protected 1625 The size of bricks standardised in England around this time Death of King James VI and I 1625-1649 Carolean Age 1629 Parliament dissolved by King Charles I - did not meet for another 11 years 1630-1750 Baroque Period (Art & Antiques) 1630-1750 Renaissance Period (Art & Antiques) 1635 Letter Office of England & Scotland started Flintlock invented around this time 1636 Hackney Carriages in use by now in London 1637 Scottish Prayer Book published 1638 Charles regarded protests against the prayerbook as treason - forced Scots to choose between their church and the King - a "Covenant", swearing to resist these changes to the death, was signed in Greyfriars Church, Edinburgh and was accepted by hundreds of thousands of Scots (revival of Presbyterian Church) 1639 Act of Toleration in England established religious toleration 1641 Charles I's policies cause insurrection in Ulster and Civil War in England Charles I and the English Parliament acknowledge the Prebyterian Church in Scotland 1642 Aug 22: Charles I raises his standard at Nottingham - First Civil War in England (to 1649)- first engagement at Edgehill - Scottish Covenanters side with the English rebels who take power - the Earl of Montrose sided with King Charles, strife spilled into Scotland The Civil War interrupted the keeping of parish registers English theatres closed by Puritans (till 1660) 1643 Solemn League and Covenant signed in Scotland 1644 Earliest Independent (Congregational) registers Earliest Presbyterian registers 1644-5 Montrose's Venture (Montrose executed in 1650) 1645 Battle of Philiphaugh in Scotland Inquisitions Post Mortem end Scotland: Each county and burgh ordered to raise and maintain a number of foot soldiers, according to population, to serve as militia - population of Scotland estimated at 420,000 Plague made its last appearance in Scotland 1646 Jun 20: Royalists sign articles of surrender at Oxford 1647 Earliest Baptist registers survive from this year 1649 Jan 30: King Charles I executed May 19: Commonwealth declared Cromwell's Irish campaign starts King Charles II proclaimed King of Scots and England in Scotland 1649-1660 Commonwealth Period - Oliver Cromwell 1650 George Fox founds Society of Friends (Quakers) Coffee brought to England about this time 1651-1652 The second English Civil War Scottish prisoners transported to the English settlements in America 1653 Commonwealth registers start Commonwealth changed into Cromwell's Protectorate Under the Act of Settlement Cromwell's opponents stripped of land (in Ireland?) 1653-1660 Provincial probate courts abolished - probates granted only in London 1657 Post Office established by Act of Parliament [others say 1660] A few Jews permitted to settle in England 1658 Death of Oliver Cromwell 1658-1660 Richard Cromwell (son of Oliver) Lord Protector 1659 Feb 6: date of first known cheque to be drawn 1660s Quaker-Scottish colony was established in East New Jersey 1660- Restoration Period 1660 May 29: Restoration of British monarchy - 'Oak Apple Day' - theatres reopened Commonwealth registers ended, Parish Registers resumed Provincial Probate Courts re-established Regicides are executed Clarendon code restricts Puritans' religious freedom Dec 8: First actress plays in London (Margaret Hughes as Desdemona) Composition of light discovered by Newton Honourable East India Company founded by British First British in Japan Scotland adopts Gregorian calendar 1661 Persecution of Non-conformists in England Restoration of Episcopacy in Scotland Board of Trade founded in London Hand-struck postage stamps first used Corporation Act prevents non-Anglicans from holding municipal office 1662 Hearth Tax Poor Relief Act "Act of Settlement" - gave JPs the power to return any wandering poor to the parish of origin Act of Uniformity - About 2,000 vicars and rectors driven from their parishes as nonconformists (Presbyterians and Independents) - Persecution of all non-conformists - Presbyterianism dis-established - Episcopalian Church of England restored 1663 Earliest Roman Catholic registers 1665 Great Plague of London 1666 Sep 2-6: Great Fire of London, after a drought beginning 27 June Use of semaphore signalling pioneered by Lord Worcester Act of Parliament - burials to be in woollen 1666-1689 Considerable religious unrest on Scotland (The Covenanters) - Covenanters Rising at St John's Town of Dalry 1669 Earliest Lutheran registers survive from this year 1670 Earliest Synagogue registers - Bevis Marks 1672 High Court of Justiciary established in Scotland War with Holland - British Army increased to 10,000 men 1673 First Test Act deprives British Catholics and Non-conformists of Public Office 1675 Beginning of Whig party under Shaftsbury Aug 10: Building of Royal Greenwich Observatory started 1677 Lee's "Collection of Names of Merchants in London" published 1678 Extension of Test Act to peers 1679 May 27: Habeas Corpus Act becomes law in England - (later repealed from time to time) Tories first so named Battle of Bothwell Brig in Scotland Burial in Woollen more strictly enforced 1680 William Dockwra(y) begins his London Penny Post 1680-1770 Chinoiserie Period (Art & Antiques) 1681 Second Test Act (against non-conformists) passed by Westminster Parliament Oil lighting first used in London streets 1682 Pennsylvania founded by William Penn Library of Advocates founded in Edinburgh - later National Library of Scotland 1683 Jun 6: Ashmolean Museum opened at Oxford - first museum in Britain 1684 Presbyterian settlement in Stuart's Town in South Carolina Huguenot registers begin in London 1685 Earl of Argyll's Invasion of Scotland James the Second (1685-1689, died 1701) - Monmouth rebellion and battle of Sedgemoor - British Army raised to 20,000 men Judge Jeffreys and the Bloody Assizes - 320 executed, 800 transported Revocation of the Edict of Nantes - drove thousands of Protestants (Huguenots) from France - many settled in England 1686 Release of all prisoners held for their religious beliefs 1688 Feb: Edward Lloyd's Coffee House - later became Lloyd's of London Nov: The Glorious Revolution: James II abdicates - William of Orange lands in England - William of Hanover and Mary, daughter of James II, jointly take the throne - (only William, however, has regal power) British Army raised to 40,000 Bill of Rights limits the powers of the monarchy over parliament Hearth Tax abolished Mutiny Act 1689 Deposed James VII and II flees to Ireland - defeated at the Battle of the Boyne (1690) Earliest Royal Dutch Chapel registers Siege of Londonderry Toleration Act for Protestant non-conformists Battle of Killiecrankie in Scotland 1690 Great Synagogue founded Presbyterianism finally established in Scotland Battle of the Boyne 1691 Earliest date in known German Lutheran registers 1692 The massacre of Glencoe - Clan Campbell side with the King and murder members of Clan McDonald [1691?] 1692 French intention to invade England came to naught 1694 National Debt came into effect in England Bank of England founded by William Paterson (a Scot) Triennial Act 1694-1699 Scotland: Poll Tax imposed on all over sixteen, except the destitute and insane 1695 Freedom of Press in England Bank of Scotland founded Act of Parliament imposes a fine on all who fail to inform the parish minister of the birth of a child (repealed 1706) Start of "Dissenters" lists in parish registers - children born but not christened in the parish church - some were named "Papist" and others "Protestants" 1696 Act of Parliament establishes Workhouses Education Act passed by Scottish Parliament Window Tax (replaced Hearth Tax; increased in 1747; abolished 1851) 1697 Dec 2: Official opening of St Paul's Cathedral 1698 Invention of steam engine by Capt Thomas Savery Darien Expedition: a disastrous attempt to establish a Scots settlement in Panama Duties (taxes) on entries in parish registers - repealed after five years 1701 Act of Settlement bars Catholics from the British throne 1702-1714 Queen Anne Period (Art & Antiques) 1702 Mar 8: Anne Stuart becomes Queen Mar 11: First English daily newspaper The Daily Courant (till 1735) War of Spanish Succession (1702-1713) 1703 Repeal of Duties on entries in Parish Registers 1704 Battle of Blenheim Penal Code enacted - Catholics barred from voting, education and the military 1705 First workable steam pumping engine devised by Thomas Newcomen 1707 Jan 1: Union with Scotland - Scots agree to send 16 peers and 45 MPs to English Parliament in return for full trading privileges - Scottish Parliament meets for the last time in March May 1: English and Scottish Parliaments united by an Act of the English Parliament - The Kingdom of Great Britain established Last use of veto by a British sovereign 1708 First Jacobite rising in Scotland Earliest Artillery Muster Rolls 1709 First Copyright Act passed 1710 Tax on Apprentice Indentures 1711 Incorporation of South Sea Company, in London 1712 Imposition of Soap Tax (abolished 1853) Last trial for witchcraft in England (Jane Wenham) Toleration Act passed - first relief to non-Anglicans Patronage Act - patronage of ministers restored 1713 Treaty of Utrecht concludes the War of the Spanish Succession 1714 Aug 1: Queen Anne Stuart dies - George I Hanover becomes king (1714-1727) Chancery Proceedings filed under Six Clerks Schism Act Landholders forced to take the Oath of Allegiance and renounce Roman Catholicism Quarter Sessions Records from this date often mention Protestant dissenters and Roman Catholic recusants 1715 Riot Act passed Second Jacobite rebellion in Scotland, under the Old Pretender ('The Fifteen') 1716 The Septennial Act of Britain leads to greater electoral corruption - general elections now to be held once every 7 years instead of every 3 1717 First Masonic Lodge opens in London 1719 Third abortive Jacobite rising 1720 South Sea Bubble, a stock-market crash on Exchange Alley Manufacturing towns start to increase in population - rise of new wealth 1721 Robert Walpole (Whig) becomes first Prime Minister (to 1742) Bailey's Northern Directory 1722 Last trial for witchcraft in Scotland Knatchbull's Act, poor laws 1723 Excise tax levied for coffee, tea, and chocolate The Waltham Black Acts add 50 capital offences to the penal code - people could be sentenced to death for theft and poaching The Workhouse Act or Test - to get relief, a poor person has to enter Workhouse 1725-1726 Treaty of Hanover: France, Prussia, England v. Spain, Austria 1726 First circulating library opened in Edinburgh Invention of the chronometer by John Harrison 1727 Board of Manufacturers established in Scotland Jun 11: George I dies - George II Hanover becomes king 1729 Methodists begin at Oxford 1730 Irish famine 1730-1750 Rococo Period (Art & Antiques) 1731 Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull Invention of sextant by John Hadley 1732 Earliest Cavalry and Infantry Muster Rolls 1733 Excise crisis: Sir Robert Walpole wanted to add excise tax to tobacco and wine - Pulteney and Bolingbroke oppose the excise tax Law forbidding the use of Latin in parish registers generally obeyed - some continued in Latin for a few years 1734 Kent's Directory 1738 Earliest Calvinistic Methodist registers John Wesley has his conversion experience 1739 Wesley and Whitefield commence great Methodist revival 1741 Benjamin Ingham founded the Moravian Methodists or Inghamites - Earliest Moravian registers Earliest Scotch Church registers 1742 England goes to war with Spain - incited by William Pitt the Elder (Earl of Chatham) for the sake of trade 1743 Jun 16: Battle of Dettingen - last time a British sovereign (George II) led troops in battle 1744 Church of Scotland split over taking of Burgess' Oath - Burghers and Anti-Burghers First Methodist Conference 1745 Jacobite rebellion in Scotland ('The Forty-five') Aug: Bonnie Prince Charlie (The Young Pretender) lands in the western Highlands - raises support among Episcopalian and Catholic clans - The Pretender's army invades Perth, Edinburgh, and England as far as Derby 1746 Apr 16: Battle of Culloden - last battle fought in Britain - 5,000 Highlanders routed by the Duke of Cumberland and 9,000 loyalists Scots - Young Pretender Charles flees to Continent, ending Jacobite hopes forever - the wearing of the kilt prohibited 1747 Abolition of Heritable Jurisdictions in Scotland Act for Pacification of the Highlands 1748-1756 Countess of Huntington's (Calvinistic) Methodist Connexion founded 1750-1770 Gothic Revival Period (Art & Antiques) 1750-1805 Neo-Classical Period (Art & Antiques) 1752 Sep 3: Julian Calendar dropped and Gregorian Calendar adopted in England, making this Sep 14 - "Give us back our 11 days!" Year standardised to end Dec 31 (previously Mar 24) 1753 Earliest lnghamite registers 1754 Hardwicke Act (1753): Banns to be called, and Printed Marriage Register forms to be used - Quakers & Jews exempt First British troops not belonging to the East India Company despatched to India First printed Annual Army Lists 1755 Publication of Dictionary of the English Language by Dr Johnson Period of canal construction began in Britain (till 1827) 1756 The Seven Years War with France (Pitt's trade war) begins 1757 India: The Nawab of Bengal tries to expel the British, but is defeated at the battle of Plassy - the East India Company forces are led by Robert Clive Black Hole of Calcutta The foundation laid for the Empire of India 1758 India stops being merely a commercial venture - England begins dominating it politically - The East India Company retains its monopoly although it ceased to trade 1759 Jan 15: British Museum opens to the public in London Mar: First predicted return of Halley's comet Wesley builds 356 Methodist chapels 1760 Oct 25: George II dies - George III Hanover, his grandson, becomes king The date conventionally marks the start of the so-called "first Industrial Revolution" Carron Iron Works in operation in Scotland May 5: First use of hangman's drop - last nobleman to be executed (Laurence, Earl Ferrers) at Tyburn 1762 Earliest Unitarian registers France surrenders Canada and Florida Cigars introduced into Britain from Cuba 1763 Treaty of Paris - gives back to France everything Pitt fought to obtain - (Newfoundland [fishing], Guadaloupe and Martininque [sugar], Dakar [gum]) 1764 Lloyd's Register of shipping first prepared 1765 Stamp Act passed 1767 First iron railroads built for mines by John Wilkinson Newcomen's steam pumping engine perfected by James Watt 1768 The first edition of the "Encyclopaedia Britannica" published in Edinburgh by William Smellie 1769 Arkwright invents water frame (textile production) 1770 Hargreaves's jenny invented (textile production) Apr 28: James Cook discovers New South Wales Clyde Trust created to convert the River Clyde, then an insignificant river, into a major thoroughfare for maritime communications 1772 May 14: Judge Mansfield rules that there is no legal basis for slavery in England First Navy Lists published 1773-1858 The East India Company governs Hindustan 1773 Dec 16: Boston Tea Party 1775 Apr 19: Battle of Lexington: first action in American War of Independence (1775-1783) - Irish unrest 1776 Jul 4: American Declaration of Independence 1779 Crompton's mule invented (textile production) First iron bridge built, over the Severn by John Wilkinson First Spinning Mills operational in Scotland 1780 May 4: First Derby run at Epsom Jun 2-8: The Gordon Riots - Parliament passes a Roman Catholic relief measure - for days, London is at the mercy of a mob and destruction is widespread Earliest Wesleyan registers Male Servants Tax The English Reform Movement - until now, only landowners and tenants--freeholders with 40 shillings per year or more--allowed to vote, and in open poll books 1782 Gilbert's Act establishes outdoor poor relief - the way of life of the poor beginning to alter due to industrialisation - New factories in rapidly expanding towns required a workforce that would adjust to new work patterns James Watt patents his steam engine 1783 Duty on Parish Register entries (3d per entry - repealed 1794) Sep 3: Treaty of Versailles (England/U.S.) 1784 Pitt's India Act - the Crown (as opposed to officers of the East India Company) has power to guide Indian politics Wesley breaks with the Church of England First edition of The Times (called The Daily Universal Register for 3 years) Aug 2: First mail coaches in England (4pm Bristol/8am London) First golf club founded at St Andrews Invention of threshing machine by Andrew Meikle 1785 Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2 million) 1787 Earliest known Swedenborgian (Church of the New Jerusalem or Jerusalemite) registers 1788 Jan 26: First convicts (and free settlers) arrive in New South Wales First steamboat demonstrated in Scotland [but see 1802] Law passed requiring that chimney sweepers be a minimum of 8 years old (not enforced) First slave carrying act, the Dolben Act of 1788, regulates the slave trade - stipulates more humane conditions on slave ships King George III's mental illness occasions the Regency Crisis - Edmund Burke and Charles James Fox attack ministry of William Pitt - trying to obtain full regal powers for the Prince of Wales 1789 Jul 14: The French Revolution begins - storming of the Bastille Publication of Gilbert White's 'Natural History of Selborne' 1790 Forth and Clyde Canal opened in Scotland 1791 Sugar prices rise steeply John Bell, printer, abandons the "long s" (the "s" that looks like an "f") Establishment of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain Dec 4: First publication of The Observer - oldest Sunday newspaper 1792 Repression in Britain (restrictions on freedom of the press) - Fox gets Libel Act through Parliament, requiring a jury and not a judge to determine libel Boyle's Street Directory published Oct 1: Introduction of Money Orders in Britain Coal-gas lighting invented by William Murdock, an Ayrshire Scot Dec 1: King's Proclamation drawing out the British militia 1793 Feb 11: England declares war on France (1793-1802) Execution of Louis XVI Apr 15: £5 notes first issued by the Bank of England 1794 Abolition of Parish Register duties Battle of Glorious First of June Oct 6: The prosecutor for Britain, Lord Justice Eyre, charges reformers with High Treason - he argued that, since reform of parliament would lead to revolution and revolution to executing the King, the desire for reform endangered the King's life and was therefore treasonous 1795 The Famine Year Foundation of the Orange Order Speenhamland Act proclaims that the Parish is responsible for bringing up the labourer's wage to subsistence level - towards the end of the eighteenth century, the number of poor and unemployed increased dramatically - price increases during the Napoleonic Wars (1793-1815) far outstripped wage rises - many small farmers were bankrupted by the move towards enclosures and became landless labourers - their wages were often pitifully low Pitt and Grenville introduce "The Gagging Acts" or "Two Bills" (the Seditious Meetings and Treasonable Practices Bills) - outlawed the mass meeting and the political lecture Consumption of lime juice made compulsory in Royal Navy 1796 Holden's Triennial Directory published Pitt's "Reign of Terror": More treason trials - leading radicals emigrate 1797 England in Crisis, Bank of England suspends cash payments Feb 26: First £1 note issued by Bank of England Apr-Jun: Mutinies in the British Navy at Spithead and Nore Tax on newspapers (including cheap, topical journals) increased to repress radical publications 1798 Feb-Oct: The Irish Rebellion; 100,000 peasants revolt; approximately 25,000 die - Irish Parliament abolished First planned human experiment with vaccination, to test theories of Edward Jenner 1799 Jan 9: Pitt brings in 10% income tax Jul 12: Repressive legislation in Britain against political associations and combinations Foundation of Royal Military College Sandhurst by the Duke of York Foundation of the Royal Institution of Great Britain Post Office New Annual Directory 1800 Jul 2: Parliamentary union of Great Britain and Ireland Electric light first produced by Sir Humphrey Davy Use of high pressure steam pioneered by Richard Trevithick Earliest Bible Christian registers Royal College of Surgeons founded 1801 Union Jack official British flag Jun 29: First census puts the population of England and Wales at 9,168,000 - population of Britain nearly 11 million (75 per cent rural) 1802 Mar 27: Treaty of Amiens signed by Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands - the "Peace of Amiens," as it was known, brought a temporary peace of 14 months during the Napoleonic Wars - one of its most important cultural effects was that travel and correspondence across the English Channel became possible again Charlotte Dundas on Clyde, first practical steamship, built by William Symington First British Factory Act 1803 Invention of paper-making machine (Foudrinier) Peace of Amiens ends on 12 May - resumption of war with France - The Napoleonic Wars (1803-18l5) William Cobbett began unofficial publication of Parliamentary reports (taken over by Hansard report in 1811) First publication of Debrett's Peerage by John Debrett Early locomotive constructed by Richard Trevithick First public railway opens (Wandsworth to Croydon) Semaphore signalling perfected by Admiral Popham Commissioners for Highland Roads and Bridges created in Scotland 1804 Dec 12: Spain declares war on Britain 1805 Oct 21: Admiral Nelson's victory at Trafalgar 1806 Earliest Primitive Methodist registers 1807 Mar 25: Parliament passes Act prohibiting slavery and the importation of slaves from 1808 - but does not prohibit colonial slavery Gas lighting in London streets 1808 Peninsular War (1808-1814) 1810 Bible Christians denomination formed by schism in Wesleyan Methodists 1811 Feb 5: Prince of Wales (future George IV) made Regent after George III deemed insane Nov: Luddite uprisings (machine breaking) in the Midlands against weaving frames started - went on until 1815 - groups of workmen rebelled against the increased mechanisation of textile production by destroying the new machinery - government fears revolutionary conspiracy - damaging property or taking Luddite oaths become capital offences 1812 Prime Minister Perceval assassinated Jun 18: Start of American "War of 1812" against England and Canada Oct-Dec: Napoleon retreats from Moscow with catastrophic losses Comet steamship launched in Scotland 1813 'Policy for the Improvement of the Highlands' approved by British Parliament Ireland: First recorded "12th of July" sectarian riots in Belfast Rose's Act (1812) established a printed format for baptism & burial registers 1814 "Year of the Burning" in Sutherland and Ross Act of Burial in Woollen repealed First Pigot's Commercial Directory printed Jan 1: Invasion of France by Allies Apr 6: Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba Sugar prices reach record heights 1815 Jun 18: The Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon defeated and exiled to St. Helena Corn Bill passed with enormous benefit to landlords 1816 Economic depression Income tax abolished 1817 Johnstone's London Directory printed 1818 First steamship (Savannah) to cross Atlantic (26 days) 1819 Aug 16: Peterloo Massacre at Manchester - a large, orderly group of 60,000 meets at St. Peter's Fields, Manchester - demand Parliamentary Reform - mounted troops charge on the meeting, killing and maiming many people Dec: Six Acts passed against radical political Unions - prohibits assemblies similar to St. Peter's Fields and imposes press censorship 1820 Jan 29: Accession of George IV, previously Prince Regent Cato Street Conspiracy Aug 17: Trial of Queen Caroline to prove her infidelities so George IV can divorce her - George tries to secure a Bill of Pains and Penalties against her - Caroline is virtually acquitted because bill passed by such a small majority of Lords 1822 Caledonian canal opened 1823 New laws concerning marriage by licence Scottish testaments prior to 1823 transferred to S.R.O. 1824 Combination Acts repealed (Trades Unions allowed) 1825 Horse-drawn buses in London [but see 1829] Stockton to Darlington Railway opens Hobhouse makes amendments to Acts to protect Child Labour in cotton factories 1826 Scotland's first commercial railway was opened, Edinburgh to Dalkeith White's first Commercial Directory - Hull 1828 Apr 28: Repeal of Test and Corporation Acts - had kept non-Anglicans (Catholics and Dissenters) from holding public office and deprived them of other rights 1829 Apr 4: Catholic Emancipation Act restores civil liberties to Roman Catholics Earliest Irvingite registers First two omnibuses (pulled by three horses) introduced by George Schillibeer London Metropolitan police force formed George Stephenson's Rocket Lucifer matches first manufactured 1830 Jun 26: George IV dies - his brother, William IV, accedes to the throne First mail carried by rail between Liverpool & Manchester Agricultural 'Swing' Riots in southern England, repressed with many transportations 1830-1880 Eclectic Period (Art & Antiques) 1831 First Reform Bill introduced by Lord George Russell A list of all parish registers dating prior to 1813 compiled British Association founded Faraday discovers electro-magnetic induction 1832 Jun 7: Reform Bill passed - Representation of the People Act - dramatic effects for grossly underrepresented places like Scotland (the number of Scottish people allowed to vote increased from 4,000 to 65,000 out of 2.5 million people) - changed voting from an aristocratic privilege to a middle class right, but by later standards not much was accomplished - approximately doubled the electorate to about 800,000 voters out of a total population in Ireland, Scotland, England, and Wales of around 24 million (1831 census), and increasing by 1 million a year Electoral Registers introduced Electric telegraph invented by Morse 1833 Factory Act forbids employment of children below age of 9 1834 Slavery abolished in British possessions Poor Law amendment, tightening up relief 'Tolpuddle Martyrs' transported for Trades Union activities Dec 23: Hansom Cab patented by Joseph Hansom 1835 Christmas becomes a national holiday Earliest Universalist registers Municipal Corporations Act Word 'socialism' first used First surviving photograph taken by William Fox Talbot 1836 First Potato famine in Ireland Economic downturn that lasts until 1842 Newspaper tax reduced from 4 pence to one penny 1837 Mar 14: Wheatstone & Cooke send first British telegraph message Jun 20: William IV dies - accession of Queen Victoria (to 1901) Jul 1: Compulsory registration of Births, Marriages & Deaths in England & Wales Jul 20: Euston Railway station opens - first in London 1838 First Ocean Steamers to the U.S. Chartism, a working-class movement for the extension of the franchise, comes into existence - 6-point charter: universal suffrage, secret ballot, annual elections, payment of Members, no property qualification for MPs, equal electoral districts 1838-1849 The Chartist Movement 1839 Bicycle invented Chartist riots 1840 Jan 10: Uniform Penny Postage introduced nationally Last convicts landed in NSW (some say 1842 or 1849) Population Act relating to taking of censuses in Britain 1841 Feb 10: Penny Red replaces Penny Black postage stamp June 6: First full census in Britain in which all names were recorded 1842 Mail steamship to India Civil Registration in Channel Islands started Government report 'The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population' Laws outlawing women and children in the mines 1843 First Christmas card in England Brunel's 'Great Britain' launched Disruption of the Church of Scotland - 474 ministers signed the Deed of Demission and formed the Free Church of Scotland (the "Wee Free") Factory safety regulations enacted 1844 Outdoor Relief Prohibition Order - parish relief received only in a workhouse 1845 Excise tax on glass production repealed Potato famine in Ireland (to 1848) - temporary repeal of the Corn Laws Kelly's Directories Tarmac laid for first time (in Nottingham) First voyage of 'Great Britain' - to America Royal Naval Biographical Dictionary published 1846 Free Church of Scotland formed An anaesthetic used for the first time in England 1847 United Succession becomes the United Presbyterian Church Ten Hours Act shortens factory work day to ten hours for women and children 1848 General revolutionary movement throughout the Continent Rotary press first introduced Public Health Act 1849 Civil Registration of Births in Isle of Man started 1850 Telegraph cable Dover to Calais [others say 1851] 1851 Mar 30: Second full British Census - improvements in data compared with the first May 1: Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations ("Crystal Palace" exhibition) opened in Hyde Park Photography is popularised by introduction of "wet collodion" process Gold discovered in Australia 1852 First voyage of 'Great Britain' to Australia 1854 Sep 14: Allied armies land in Crimea Cigarettes introduced into Britain 1855 Jan 1: Registration of births, marriages & deaths made compulsory in Scotland First London pillar boxes Cellulose nitrate, first synthetic plastic material, invented by Alexander Parkes 1857 Transatlantic cable laid London postal districts introduced 1857-8 Indian Mutiny 1858 Jan: Legally proved Wills start to be entered into an index (Eng & W) - taken out of ecclesiastical jurisdiction Jan 31: 'Great Eastern' launched East India Company dissolved 1859 Darwin publishes Origin of Species 1861 American Civil War begins Apr 7: Third full British Census Dec 15: Prince Albert dies 1863 Football Association founded London's first Underground Railway opens 1864 Civil Registration in Ireland starts Civil Registration of marriages in Isle of Man starts 1865 End of American Civil War - slavery abolished in USA William Booth founds Salvation Army 1867 Dominion of Canada founded The Second Reform Bill - vote given to town householders Fanny Adams murdered in Alton 1868 Last British election for which Poll Books available Last convicts landed in Australia (Western Australia) 1869 Nov 18: Suez Canal opens Cutty Sark launched Ballbearings, celluloid, margarine, washing machine all invented 1870 GPO takes over the privately-owned Telegraph Companies Oct 1: First British postcard - halfpenny post Board Schools start attempting to impose consistent spelling Dr. Thomas Barnardo opens his first home for destitute children 1870-1900 Art & Crafts Period (Art & Antiques) 1871 Apr 2: Fourth full British census Jun 29: Trades Unions legalised in Britain 1872 Secret Ballot introduced in Britain (no further Poll Books produced) Licensing hours introduced Penalties introduced for failing to register births, marriages & deaths (Eng & Wales) 1874 Factory Act introduces 56-hour week 1875 London's main sewage system completed Captain Webb swims channel Submarine invented Artisan's Dwellings Act Climbing Boys Act passed 1876 Bell invents telephone Annual centralised list of Scottish Wills from now (and most from 1823 also) Civil Registration of deaths in Isle of Man started Victoria proclaimed Empress of India 1877 Edison invents microphone and phonograph First tennis championships at Wimbledon 1878 Edison & Swan invent electric lamp 1879 First telephone exchanges opened in London & Manchester Tay Bridge Disaster - bridge collapsed in storm taking train with it - enquiry revealed corners had been cut during construction to reduce costs 1880 Education Act: schooling compulsory for 5-10 year olds 1881 Apr 3: Fifth full British Census Postal Orders introduced 1883 Parcel post starts in Britain 1884 The Third Reform Bill - vote given to agricultural workers 1884-1918 Art Noveau Period (Art & Antiques) 1885 Carl Benz builds single-cylinder motor car Eastman makes first coated photographic paper Secretary for Scotland appointed 1886 Crofters Act 1887 Jun 21: Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee 1888 County Councils set up in Britain 1889 Celluloid film produced Dock Strike - docker's won their "Docker's Tanner", 6 old pennies 1890 London's first electric Underground Mar 4: Forth railway bridge opens - took six years to build 1891 Mar 18: First telephone link between London & Paris Apr 5: Sixth full British Census Primary education made free and compulsory 1892 Electric oven invented Shop Hours Act - limit 74 hours per week for under-18s May 20: Last broad-gauge train leaves Paddington for Plymouth Married Women's Property Act 1893 Keir Hardy founds Independent Labour Party Henry Ford's first car Zip fastener invented 1894 Jan 1: Manchester Ship Canal opens Local Government Act passed (start of civil parish councils, etc) Picture postcard introduced in Britain Jun 30: Tower Bridge opens 1895 Jan 12: The National Trust founded in England Mar 22: First public showing of film on screen in Paris by LumiËres Rˆntgen discovers x-rays Gugliemo Marconi invents wireless telegraphy - message over a mile Safety razor invented by King C Gillette Jul 12: First recorded motor journey of any length (56 miles) in Britain Oct 17: First people in Britain to be charged with motor offences - John Henry Knight and James Pullinger of Farnham, Surrey 1896 Opening of the Underground Railway (the "shooglie") in Glasgow - remains the only underground in Scotland 1897 Jun 22: Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee 1898 First photograph using artificial light Zeppelin builds airship The Curies discover Radium 1899-1902 Boer War 1899 Oct: Start of Boer War Valdemar Poulsen invents tape recorder Aspirin invented 1900 Commonwealth of Australia founded 1901 Jan 22: Queen Victoria dies - Edward VII king Mar 31: Seventh full British Census (available for inspection Jan 2002) Britain's first submarine launched Dec 12: First successful radio transmission across the Atlantic, by Marconi 1902 Balfour's Education Act provides for secondary education 1905 Einstein publishes theory of relativity 1906 Labour Party formed Free school meals for poor children 1907 School medical system begins 1909 Jan 1: Old Age Pensions Act came into force Bleriot flies across the Channel Beveridge Report prompts creation of labour Exchanges 1910 Union of South Africa formed May 6: Edward VII dies - George V king 1911 Census: Pop. E&W 36M, Scot 4.6M, NI 1.25M Dec 14: National Insurance in Britain 1911-1912 Strikes by seamen, dock and transport workers 1912 Apr 14: The 'unsinkable' Titanic sinks on maiden voyage Captain Scott's last expedition 1914-1918 First World War (the "Great War") 1914 Aug 4: war declared 1916 Easter Rising in Ireland - after the leaders are executed, public opinion backs independence 1917 First use of massed tanks (Cambrai) George V adopts Windsor as surname Mar 12: USA enters the war 1918 Vote for women over 30, men over 21 (except peers, lunatics and felons) Nov 11: Peace treaty signed at Versailles 1918-1939 Art Deco Period (Art & Antiques) 1919 First woman in House of Commons (Viscountess Astor) Alcock and Brown fly Atlantic Sir Ernest Rutherford publishes account of splitting the atom 1920 Regular cross-channel air service starts 1921 Census: Pop. E&W 37.9M, Scot 4.9M, NI 1.25M Dec 6: Irish Free State and Northern Ireland formed Irish Regiments of British Army disbanded 1922 BBC begins transmissions 1923 Mussolini becomes dictator of Italy First Wembley cup final (West Ham 0, Bolton 2) - "I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles" popular song of the time, became West Ham anthem 1924 First Labour government, headed by Ramsey MacDonald 1926 Apr 26: General Strike begins, till May 12 (mine workers for 6 months more) 1928 Women over 21 get vote - same qualification for both sexes 1929 Abolition of Poor Law system in Britain Sir Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin Wall Street crash 1930 Oct 5: R101 airship disaster 1931 Census: Pop. E&W 40M, Scot 4.8M, NI 1.24M Oct 21: National Government formed to deal with economic crisis 1933 Jan 30: Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany Oxford Union: "This House will in no circumstances fight for King and Country" 1936 Jan 20: George V dies; Edward VIII king First public TV transmission Jet engine first tested Jul 18: Spanish Civil War starts Dec 5: Edward VIII abdicates (announced Dec 10) - carol that Xmas: "Hark the Herald Angels sing, Mrs Simpson's got our King" Duke of York becomes George VI 1937 Largest ocean liner ever built, Queen Elizabeth, launched on Clydebank 1939-45 Second World War (the "Peoples War") 1939 Sep 3: War declared 1941 No census - total pop. estimated at 48.2M 1944 Jun 6: D-Day invasion of Normandy 1945 May 8: VE Day Jun 26: UN Charter signed Sep 2: VJ Day 1947 Jan 1: Coal Mines nationalised Apr 1: School leaving age raised to 15 in Britain 1948 Jan 1: British Railways nationalised Jul 1: Berlin airlift starts (to 12 May 1949) 1949 Mar 15: Clothes rationing ends 1950 May 19: Points rationing ends May 26: Petrol rationing ends Jun 25: Korean War starts ( to 27 Jul 1953) Sep 9: Soap rationing ends 1951 Census: Pop. E&W 43.7M, Scot 5M. NI 1.37M May 3: Festival of Britain opens on South Bank, London 1952 Feb 6: George VI dies; Elizabeth II queen, returns from Kenya Feb 21: Identity Cards abolished in Britain Nov: Hydrogen Bomb detonated 1953 Feb 4: Sweet rationing ends May 29: Everest conquered Jun 2: Coronation of Elizabeth II Sep 26: Sugar rationing ends (after nearly 14 years) 1954 May 6: First sub 4 minute mile (Roger Bannister) Jul 3: Food rationing officially ends in Britain 1956 Jun3: 3rd class travel abolished on British Railways Sep 25: Submarine telephone cable across the Atlantic opened Oct 31: Britain and France invade Suez Nov 16: Suez canal blocked (till 5 Jun 1975) 1957 Jun 1: Premiun Bonds first prizes drawn Oct 4: Sputnik launched 1958 Feb 25: CND launched Jul 26: Charles created Prince of Wales 1959 May 24: Empire Day becomes Commonwealth Day Aug: BMC Mini car launched Sep 5: Introduction of Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) in Britain Oct 3: Postcodes introduced in Britain Nov 1: First section of M1 motorway opened 1960 Feb 3: Macmillan 'wind of change' speech in S. Africa Mar 17: New ú1 notes issued by Bank of England Mar 18: Last steam locomotive of British Railways named Sep 12: MoT tests on motor vehicles introduced Oct 1: HMS Dreadnought (nuclear submarine) launched 1961 Jan 1: Farthing ceases to be legal tender Mar 8: First US Polaris submarines arrive at Holy Loch Mar 13: Black & White £5 notes cease to be legal tender Mar 14: New English Bible (New Testament) published Apr 12: Yuri Gagarin flight into space and back Apr 23: Census: Pop. E&W 46M, Scot 5.1M, NI 1.4M May 1: Betting shops legal in Britain Oct 10: Volcanic eruption on Tristan da Cunha - whole population evacuated to Britain 1962 May 25: Consecration of new Coventry Cathedral (old destroyed in WW2 blitz) Jun 15: First nuclear generated electricity to supplied National Grid (from Berkeley, Glos) Jul 10: First live TV between US and Europe (Telstar) Oct 24: Cuba missile crisis - brink of nuclear war Dec 22: No frost-free nights in Britain till 5 Mar 1963 1963 Mar 27: Beeching Report on British Railways (the 'Beeching Axe') Aug 1: Minimum prison age raised to 17 Aug 8: 'Great Train Robbery' on Glasgow to London mail train Sep 17: Fylingdales (Yorks) early warning system operational Sep 25: Denning Report on Profumo affair Nov 18: Dartford Tunnel opens Nov 22: President Kennedy assassinated in Dallas, Texas 1964 Apr 9: First Greater London Council (GLC) election Apr 21: BBC2 TV starts Sep 4: Forth road bridge opens 'Beatlemania' begins 1965 Feb 7: First US raids against N Vietnam Apr 6: Launch of Early Bird commercial communications satellite Aug 1: TV ban on cigarette advertising in Britain Sep 21: Oil strike by BP in North Sea Oct 28: Death penalty abolished in Britain for murder [some say 18 Dec 1969] Nov 11: Declaration of UDI in Rhodesia Dec 22: 70mph speed limit on British roads 1966 Feb 3: Soft landing on moon by unmanned Luna 9 Mar 23: Archbishop of Canterbury meets Pope in Rome May 16: Seamen's strike (ended 1 Jul) Jul 30: World Cup won by England at Wembley (4-2 in extra time v West Germany) Sep 8: First Severn road bridge opens Oct 21: Aberfan disaster - slag heap slip kills 144, incl. 116 children Dec 1: First Christmas stamps issued in Britain 1967 Jan 27: Three US astronauts killed in fire during launch pad test Mar 18: Torrey Canyon oil tanker runs aground off Lands End May 28: Francis Chichester arrives in Plymouth after solo non-stop circumnavigation (knighted 7 Jul) Jul 1: First colour TV in Britain Jul 13: Public Record Act - records now closed for only 30 years (but census still closed for 100 years) Jul 18: Withdrawal from East of Suez by mid-70s announced Sep 3: Sweden changes rule of road to drive on right Sep 20: QE2 launched on Clydebank Sep 27: Queen Mary arrives Southampton at end of last transatlantic voyage Oct 5: Introduction of majority verdicts in English courts Dec 3: First human heart transplant (in S Africa) 1968 Feb 18: British Standard Time introduced Apr 23: Issue of 5p and 10p decimal coins May 6: Enoch Powell 'Rivers of Blood' speech on immigration May 10: Student riots in Paris Jul 29: Pope encyclical condemns all artificial forms of birth control Sep 15: Severe flooding in England Sep 16: Two-tier postal rate starts in Britain Oct 5: Beginning of disturbances in N Ireland 1969 Mar 2: Maiden flight of Concorde Mar 7: Victoria Line tube opens in London Apr 17: Voting age lowered from 21 to 18 Jul 1: Investiture of Prince Charles as Prince of Wales at Caernarfon Castle Jul 21: First men land on the moon Jul 31: Halfpenny ceases to be legal tender Oct 14: 50p coin introduced in Britain (reduced in size 1998) 1970 Mar 16: Publication of complete New English Bible Jun 17: Decimal postage stamps first issued for sale in Britain Jul 30: Damages awarded to Thalidomide victims Nov 20: Ten shilling note goes out of circulation in Britain 1971 Jan 1: Divorce Reform Act (1969) comes into force Jan 3: Open University starts Feb 15: Decimalisation of coinage in Britain Aug 9: Internment without trial introduced in N Ireland Oct 28: Parliament votes to join Common Market 1972 Feb 9: Power workers crisis Oct 5: United Reformed Church founded out of Congregational and Presbyterian Churches in E&W 1973 Jan 1: Britain enters Common Market (with Ireland and Denmark) Jan 27: Vietnam ceasefire agreement signed Apr 1: VAT introduced in Britain Dec 31: Energy crisis - Three-day week (till 9 Mar 1974) to conserve power 1974 Aug 8: President Nixon resigns over Watergate scandal Several new 'counties' formed 1975 Feb 11: Margaret Thatcher becomes leader of Conservative party (in opposition) Apr 30: End of Vietnam war Jun 5: Suez canal reopens (after 8 years closure) Nov 3: First North Sea oil comes ashore [some say 11 June] Dec 27: Equal Pay Act and Sex Discrimination Act come into force 1976 Jan 21: Concorde enters supersonic passenger service Aug 6: Drought Act 1976 comes into force Deaths exceeded live births in E&W for first time since records began in 1837 1977 Mar 23: Lib-Lab pact Jun 1: Road speed limits: 70mph dual roads; 60mph single Jun 7: Queen's Silver Jubilee celebrations in London 1978 Apr 8: Regular broadcast of proceedings in Parliament starts May 1: First May Day holiday in Britain Jul 25: World's first 'test tube' baby, Louise Browne born in Oldham Oct 15: Pope John Paul II, first non-Italian for 450 years Nov 30: Publication of The Times suspended - industrial relations problems (until 13 Nov 1979) 1979 Feb 1: Ayatollah Khomeini returns to Iran Mar 1: 32.5% of Scots vote in favour of devolution (40% needed) - Welsh vote overwhelmingly against Mar 31: Withdrawal of Royal Navy from Malta May 4: Margaret Thatcher becomes first woman Prime Minister Aug 27: Lord Mountbatten killed in bomb blast of coast of Sligo Sep 18: ILEA voted to abolish corporal punishment in its schools Nov 13: The Times returns to circulation 1980 May 5: SAS storm Iranian Embassy in London to free hostages Dec 8: John Lennon assassinated in New York 1981 Jan 25: Launch of SDP by 'Gang of Four' Mar 29: First London marathon run Apr 5: Census day in Britain Apr 12: US Shuttle launched Apr 25: Worst April blizzards this century in Britain Jul 29: Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer 1982 Jan 26: Unemployment reached 3 million in Britain (1 in 8 of working population) Mar 18: Argentinians raised flag in South Georgia Apr 2: Argentina invades Falkland (Malvinas) Islands Apr 5: Royal Navy fleet sails from Portsmouth for Falklands Jun 14: Ceasefire in Falklands Jun 21: Birth of Prince William of Wales Oct 11: Mary Rose raised (sank 1545) Oct 31: Thames Barrier raised for first time Nov 4: Lorries up to 38 tonnes allowed on Britain's roads Dec 12: Women's peace protest at Greenham Common (Cruise missiles arrived 14 Nov 1983) 1983 Jan 17: Start of breakfast TV in Britain Jan 31: Seat belt law came into force Apr 21: £1 coin into circulation in Britain Oct 7: Plans to abolish GLC announced 1984 Jan 9: FTSE index exceeded 800 Jun 22: Inaugural flight of Virgin Atlantic Oct 12: Bomb explodes at Tory conference hotel in Brighton - 4 killed Oct 24: High Court orders sequestration of NUM assets Dec 3: British Telecom privatised - shares make massive gains on first day's trading George Orwell got it wrong (his book '1984', written in 1948) 1985 Mar 3: Miners agree to call off strike Mar 11: Al Fayed buys Harrods Jul 13: Live Aid pop concert raises over £50M for famine relief Sep: Wreck of Titanic found (sank 1912) 1986 Mar 31: GLC and 6 metropolitan councils abolished Apr 28: Chernobyl nuclear accident - radiation reached Britain 2 May May 7: Mannie Shinwell, veteran politician, dies aged 101 1987 Terry Waight kidnapped in Beirut (released Nov 1991) Car ferry "Herald of Free Enterprise" capsizes off Zeebrugge - 188 die Order of the Garter opened to women Oct: The 'Hurricane' sweeps southern England 'Black Monday' in the City of London - Stock Market crash 1988 Copyright Act Dec 21: Lockerbie disaster - Pan Am flight 103 blows up over Scotland 1989 Poll Tax implemented in Scotland House of Commons proceedings first televised 1990 Margaret Thatcher resigns as Conservative party leader (and Prime Minister) Poll Tax implemented in England & Wales - riots Aug 2: Iraq invades Kuwait Channel Tunnel excavation teams meet in the middle 1991 Poll Tax replaced (by Council Tax) Robert Maxwell drowns at sea 1992 Coal industry privatised 1993 Jul: Ratification of Maastricht Treaty Betty Boothroyd first woman Speaker of the House of Commons 1994 Nov: National Lottery starts Channel Tunnel open to traffic
  20. I like dates very much, 12th or 13th of July hardly matters King William was actually the husband of the Queen Mary, daughter of James, who abdicated. William to all intents and purposes in modern times was similar to Prince Philip. If the Scots were so interested in the British crown, why did they not join the Caveliers to defeat Cromwell? Anyway not to spark an off topic row I have posted elsewhere
  21. I could say the money I paid in taxation whether income, or VAT, or on my fuel, contributed to Rangers being in a better position to defeat ICT and a whole host of other teams. That really makes me cross. I have just had a letter ( I have a small business) from the tax authority demanding several thousands pounds, not for last year but for the future years, on a guesstemate of my potential earnings. I just wonder who knew about Rangers demise within the club, surely all the players , their accountants, the club auditors, the management, all got letters from the Revenue explaining their tax was outstanding. Were Rangers giving the players false documents( P60) about tax paid. I just wonder?
  22. On Sky today A poll of the old Rangers club , idicated over 80% of them were happy with a fresh start in Division 3 Surely that is all that matters. The genuine spectators have been hurt enough. Let them support their new team in the SFL division 3 with safeguards that the books are properly audited and a fan club representitive attends all board meetings. Which is how all clubs should operate anyway in my opinion. No lightning striking twice should be the order of the day.
  23. Could be a new song for the New rangers Not my own work read it on the Daily Record site Oliver! meeting Fagan Song - You've Got to Pick a Pocket or Two ... Made me smile - Any other suggestions for a new song for a new club Somewhere over a Rainbow - perhaps or Never felt more like singing the blues ????
  24. I noticed in this mornings Daily Record the following The Headline 'OUT' After 120 years in the top flight of Scottish football, Rangers are Out I take issue with this because the club that applied for membership of the SPL has never kicked a ball Do The press not realise this is a new company with no history, and no debts. and no records I think and it is just my opinion, the NewCo should send all the parifinallia of the discredited and bancrupt earlier Rangers to the Kelvingrove museum. Just like Milton Keynes Dons did with all the relics they got from the old Wimbledon. They are now on display in the Merton Borough Town Hall. A New start a new day and forget the past Daily Record. It's history. Hanging on to diccredit past will do the Rangers no good at all.
  25. 1) New British Government will remove all military basis from Scotland 2) Masive redundances in The Scottish military as regiments are closed down 3) Redundances on the Clyde as all ship building and ship repairs are moved to Belfast 4) Scotland would have to finance embassies in all capital cities in the world 5) The Royal Mail only have charter with the UK, New postal service will be required, Liklihood of post office closures 6) wages in the Irish republic are lower than in the UK 6)All Scots travelling to England will need a green card insurance 7) All Scots travelling to England will need a E111 National Insurance xard to get mefical service in Edgland 8) It is not a given that the Bank of England will support the bankcrupt Scottish banks 8) It is not known if the European banking system will axxept Scot;and into the Euro 9) It is not known how much of the UK National debt will be given to Scottland 9) It is not known how much responsibility fot places like Falklands or Gibralter Scotland will have to accept 10 If Scotland go for a lower corporation tax , England will drop theirs lower, the big boy always wins a fight 10) There are only about 2,000.000 paye tax payers in Scotland, many of whom pay to English offices having English earnings, how caqn they suport a nation 11) The millions of Scots living in England, will have no vote, they will end up living in a foreign land 12 Buy a car in England , it will have to be re-registered with Scottish plates Many Scots have died for the Union flag, It is flown proudly throughout the world on all British merchant and naval ships, It is reconised as the symbol of a proud nation. Dont take the blue out of the Union jack If you want Scotland to be a backwater in International terms like the Irish Republic then go along with the silly idea, but if you want Scotland to stay as part of a proud and respected Union vote No It's a no brainer
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